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Virulence-related outer membrane proteins are expressed in Gram-negative bacteria and are essential to bacterial survival within macrophages and for eukaryotic cell invasion. This family consists of several bacterial and phage Ail/Lom-like proteins. The ''Yersinia enterocolitica'' Ail protein is a known virulence factor. Proteins in this family are predicted to consist of eight transmembrane beta-sheets and four cell surface-exposed loops. It is thought that Ail directly promotes invasion and loop 2 contains an active site, perhaps a receptor-binding domain. The phage protein Lom is expressed during lysogeny, and encode host-cell envelope proteins. Lom is found in the bacterial outer membrane, and is homologous to virulence proteins of two other enterobacterial genera. It has been suggested that lysogeny may generally have a role in bacterial survival in animal hosts, and perhaps in pathogenesis. == Examples == Members of this group include: * PagC, required by ''Salmonella typhimurium'' for survival in macrophages and for virulence in mice * Rck outer membrane protein of the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid * Ail, a product of the ''Yersinia enterocolitica'' chromosome capable of mediating bacterial adherence to and invasion of epithelial cell lines * OmpX from ''Escherichia coli'' that promotes adhesion to and entry into mammalian cells. It also has a role in the resistance against attack by the human complement system * a ''Bacteriophage lambda'' outer membrane protein, Lom 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Virulence-related outer membrane protein family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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